Доклады Международного конгресса ИИСАА. Т. 1

II. Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia / Ближний Восток, Кавказ и Центральная Азия 80 Proceedings of the International Congress on Historiography and Source Studies of Asia and Africa.Vol. I. 2020 in Ekaterinburg, where they had been kept prisoners. The army of Admiral Kol- chak, which was based in Siberia, was defeated. In the Russian steppes, the White Army members who fought in the name of God and the Tsar under the command of Admiral Kolchak or General Wrangel fled the Red Army and took refuge in the ports of Odessa and Sevastopol. With the Bolsheviks seizing their last stronghold, the North Caucasus, they had only one option: to escape. The name of the ship that brought the first White Army members fleeing from Russia was Calypso. There were thousands of Russian aristocrats, priests, landowners and also adventurers mixed with them, as well as the White Army officers and soldiers who had fled the Red Army and boarded the ships. Tsarist orchestra musicians, ballerinas, operetta artists, actresses, actors, painters, athletes were among them. In the beginning of the year 1920, there were already forty-seven thousandWhite Russians in Istanbul. 1 Almost all these Russians who settled in Istanbul quickly began to learn Turk- ish. In Turkish they were called Beyaz Ruslar ‘White Russians’. But there was also another word to call the White Russians. When communicating with people in Istanbul, they frequently used a word that attracted the attention of the Turks: Harasho! These cultured and noble people called everything Harasho! In a short time, the new inhabitants of Istanbul, the White Russians, were called in Turkish haraşolar ‘ harasho s’… They were called haraşolar ‘harashos’ also in the news- papers and journals. Here are two cartoons from the year 1922 (published in the Istanbul journal of Aydede ): ‘Harashos’ ( From right to left ) 1 — ‘How did they come?’ 2 — ‘How did they live?’ 3 — ‘How will they go?’ 1 Günçıkan B. From Harasho to Natasha. Istanbul: ARION Publications, 1995. P. 10–11.