Доклады Международного конгресса ИИСАА. Т. 1

III. Far East, South and South-East Asia / Дальний Восток, Южная и Юго-Восточная Азия Доклады Международного конгресса по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки. Т. 1. 2020 577 劑酒 1 乾和 2 ，博錦博羅。 Medicinal wine of Qianhe is exchanged for brocade and silk. 蒲桃九醞 3 ，於身有潤。 Jiuyun fruit wine is beneficial for health. 玉液瓊漿 4 ，仙人杯觴 5 。 [Wine is] jade moisture and divine nectar, [which] the immortals drink goblet after goblet. 菊花竹葉，君王交接。 [Wine] with chrysanthemum flowers and bamboo leaves is available [only] to the emperor. 中山趙母 6 ，甘甜美苦。 [Wine made by] Zhao Mu from Zhongshan, [perfectly combines] bitterness, and sweetness. 1 The terms 劑酒 jijiu ( 酒劑 jiuji ) are translated as “infusion”, which in a broad sense can mean medicinal wines or herbal mixtures, widely used in traditional folk medicine. 2 Here the name 乾和 qianhe is a kind of wine into which water was not added, since all the moisture was extracted from the grapes. Medicinal wines of jiju and chienhe were so refined that they could be exchanged for the best silk and the most noble brocade. 3 The name 九醞 jiuyun (“fermented nine times”) is used to identify the variety of wine, the process during which several fermentation cycles are carried out, resulting in the wine acquiring special useful properties and taste qualities. This refers to the aromatic fruit wine made from 蒲桃 putao — “pink apple” (Syzygium jambos. (L.) Alston). 4 In the original text this phrase is written as 玉酒瓊漿 yujiu qiongjiang “wine of immortality, the divine drink”. In addition, between the third and fourth characters there is a character that cannot be recognized (this is most likely an error). 5 杯觴 beishang goblets (or “winged cups” 羽觴 yushang ) — a kind of special feasting utensils, characterized by the presence of two oval handles (ears) attached to the body, by which the vessel was held with both hands during the wine drinking ritual. The Chinese “wine culture” ( 酒文化 jiu wenhua ) meant the production of various alcoholic drinks for different types of feasts and the formation of a system of rites and rituals designed to ensure the welfare of the whole state and a separate family. 6 Referring to the mother of commander 趙括 Zhao Kuo from the kingdom of Zhao, which, according to the information from “Shi-ji” ( 史記 ) of Sima Qian, in 260 BC led the 450,000-strong army to ultimate death in a battle against the troops of the Qin kingdom under Changping.