Доклады Международного конгресса ИИСАА. Т. 1

III. Far East, South and South-East Asia / Дальний Восток, Южная и Юго-Восточная Азия Доклады Международного конгресса по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки. Т. 1. 2020 573 茶酒論 “Cha jiu lun” Dispute of Tea and Wine 序 Introduction 竊見神農 1 曾嘗百草，五穀 2 從此得分。 In my humble opinion, by the time Shen Nong had tried one hundred herbs, five cereals were already known. 軒轅 3 制其衣服 4 ，流傳教示後人。 Xuan Yuan created clothing, and transferred [this knowledge] to teach future generations. 倉頡 5 致其文字，孔丘闡化儒倫。 Cang Jie invented writing, Kong-zi (Confucius) taught his teachings. 1 In Chinese mythology, the beginning of farming is associated with the name of the Divine farmer and the wise ruler Shen Nong 神農 . He is credited with creating the “Shen Nong Treatise about Roots andHerbs”manuscript, which is one of four classical treatises about Chinesemedicine. 2 The term 五穀 wugu is translated as “five cereals”. Cereals, which have long been a long standing staple in the diet of the Chinese people, were designated differently in ancient written manuscripts: “Panicgrass, millet, sorghum, wheat and rice” ( 周禮 “Zhou li”); “Rice, panicgrass, millet, wheat and legumes” ( 孟子 “Meng-zi”); “Panicgrass, sorghum, hemp, wheat and legumes” ( 漢書 “Han-shu”). It would seem that the discrepancy is due to the fact that before the Han era, the concept of ”five cereals” did not include rice, since it was grown in areas south of the Huanghe river basin, the cradle of Chinese civilization (cit.: Song Zhenhao. Wugu, liugu yu jiugu —  tantan jiaguwen zhong de gulei zuowu [ 宋鎮豪。五穀、六谷與 九谷—談談甲骨文中的穀類作物 ]. Five cereals, six cereals and nine cereals. Let's talk about the grain crops depicted at the inscriptions of jiaguwen. Zhongguo lishi wenwu, 2002. P. 2). 3 This refers to the Yellow Emperor Huang-di 黃帝 , a cultural hero of Chinese mythol- ogy. He was revered as the deity of Earth, as well as one of the patrons of medicine. It is believed that the family surname Huang-di was Gunsun, and his name Xuan Yuan (from 軒 xuan — “railing around the chariot platform” and 軒 yuan “drawbar”). It is possible that this name fixates an exploit of Huang-di — inventing the chariot. 4 The legendary Empress and wife of the Yellow Emperor Leizu 嫘祖 is attributed with the honor of discovering the properties of silkworms, the invention of silk fabrics and the organization of sericulture. Leizu has been long revered as 蠶神 canshen (the goddess master of silkworms) (Riftin B. L. Huan-di // Mify narodov mira [Huang-di // Myths of the World] / Ed. by S. A. Tokarev. Moscow, 1988. P. 605–606). 5 The cultural hero of Chinese mythology Cang Jie 倉頡 , an associate of Huang-di, had four eyes — a symbol of special perspicacity. Legend has it that having penetrated into the deep meaning of the tracks of birds and animals, he invented hieroglyphic writing. In later legends, Cang Jie is declared a hero who completed the work of Shen Nong of determining the medicinal properties of plants.