Доклады Международного конгресса ИИСАА. Т. 1

I. African Studies / Африканистика Доклады Международного конгресса по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки. Т. 1. 2020 29 Studies (IAAS) of the University of Khartoum. This course involved an extensive investigation of the Soviet Union in terms of its numerous languages and its language policy with Isayev 1977 as a textbook. The single ‘official’ language of the Sudan had become embroiled in controversy. Early Soviet policy served as a reminder that there was a different paradigm available for dealing with a multiethnic country. Could some effective form of recognition be granted to the multitude of non-Arabic languages of the Sudan? The Language Survey of the Sudan at the IAAS in the 1970s operated in terms of 136 languages, a number that would be constantly altered by linguistic analysis and further fieldwork. 1 Would Sudanese languages ever be recognized and supported as ‘national languages’ (cf. UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Lan- guages in Danger 2 )? Could this ever become a step toward achieving a goal of linguistic reconciliation? Lenin’s policy of respect for 130 ‘national languages’was practical. Early Soviet policy offered respect to the languages and cultures within its borders as a measure to achieve greater tranquility. How would this policy be pursued at the present time in the Russian Federation and within the Nubian homeland and diaspora? It is worthwhile today to consider the positive and conciliatory aspects of a policy of ‘national languages’, especially since an unfortunate term ‘minority languages’ is now widely used internationally. In the Sudanese context the term ‘minority languages’ ( lughāt al-aqalliyyāt ) can be construed as pejorative. It is not ideal for a situation encouraging greater respect for other languages. This was pointed out by Hashim and Bell in a contribution to the GeoNames 2005: Conference on Minority Names/ Indigenous Names and Multilingual Areas. Ljouwert/ Leeuwarden, Frisia, The Netherlands. 3 Sudanese scholars concerned with this issue have opted for terms such as ‘national ethnic languages’ or simply ‘national languages’. The latter termi- nology was agreed by the Government of Sudan in the Naivasha Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Clause 2.8.1.1 All the indigenous languages are national languages which shall be respected, developed and promoted. 4 1 Hurreiz S. H., Bell H. Directions in Sudanese Linguistics and Folklore. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1975. P. 159–162. 2 UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. URL: http://www.unesco.org/ languages-atlas (accessed 28.08.2018). 3 Hashim M. J., Bell H. Nubian GeoNames in an Arabic Context: Issues of Global Rele- vance? // GeoNames 2005: International Conference on Minority Names/ Indigenous Names andMultilingualAreas. Ljouwert/ Leeuwarden, Frisia, The Netherlands. The FryskeAcademy and the Dutch and German Division of UN Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), Leeuwarden, Netherlands, 14 th -15 th April 2005. 4 The Comprehensive PeaceAgreement. URL: https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/sites/default/ files/accords/SudanCPA.pdf (accessed 12.05.2019).