XXX Международный конгресс ИИСАА. 19–21 июня 2019 г. Т. 2

Секция XX 372 XXX Международный Конгресс по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки except twilight exists. Characters often find themselves beyond space, beyond time, and eventually beyond anything that could be described as real even by their own standards. They create or exist in new fantastic realms of twilight that makes the most bizarre events possible, being more of a perceptual state than a particular time or space. The interconnectedness of time and space within these short stories demonstrates that twilight is not just a fancy background but rather a cohesive entity that defines the emotional mood, pace, plot, and the characters’ behaviors in a particular setting. Such an entity is defined as a chronotope — a term originally introduced in the 20 th century by Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin. “Sepotong Senja untuk Pacarku” epitomizes twilight chronotope, which is characterized by the special spatiotemporal features mentioned above. As a novel category in Indonesian literary studies, this chronotope could be identified in other works of Indonesian fiction, establishing a basis for further research to clarify the chronotope’s nature and significance in works of fiction. Katarzyna Wasiak (University of Lodz, Poland) Ottomanism by Erdogan:Turkish Influence in Contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina Power in international relations can have many meanings and be defined in many ways. It can be regarded as a goal for state leaders, a measure of influence, a reflection of victory and control of resources. Power is defined as the ability to influence others’ behaviour in order to achieve the desired goal. But what is the soft power? The concept of soft power had come to International relation thanks to Joseph Nye in 1990. He defined this issue in the context of US foreign policy. Soft power is about the ability to influence others without the use of force. This is a combination of cultural, ideological, political and intellectual elements. Elements such as culture and history, values, internal and external politics, institutions, economic development, science, art are considered important sources of soft power. Soft power became one of the major foreign policy tools of many powerful countries, including Turkey. Turkey is the most significant country, in particular due to the Ottoman Empire historical background and dominance in the Balkan region. Contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina contain Turkish cultural heritage. Balkans has always been a region of importance for Turkey. The researchers analyse the soft power and public diplomacy policies that have been implemented by Turkish Foreign policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2014. The main point of the article is that Turkey has been using the “soft” tools of foreign policy in its relation to this Balkan country for several years.