XXX Международный конгресс ИИСАА. 19–21 июня 2019 г. Т. 2

252 XXX Международный Конгресс по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки Секция XIX. Секция африканистов: «Чтения памяти Д. А. Ольдерогге» African Studies: “ In memoriam of D. A. Olderogge” Nikolay Dobronravin (St Petersburg University, St Petersburg) The Fur (For, Fūranq bilī, Poor’íŋ belé) variety of Ajami in Sudan: an invisible tradition The official language of Sudan is Arabic, dominating almost all written communication except a few contexts where English or the SudaneseArabic dialect may be used. Other languages spoken in Sudan have no official status. The Fur language of Darfur is one of the major Nilo-Saharan languages of Sudan. The Fur writing nowadays is based on Roman script (with an alphabet consisting of 26 letters). Written Fur in this script has been taught online and in a few schools, mostly in the Darfuri diaspora. There have also been a few publications on the Fur language in Arabic, where the Fur Ajami has been discussed. Until now, there have been two strategies in the development of the Fur Ajami. One is to remain as close to Arabic as possible, with no additional letters or vowel- signs. Another strategy was more speaking-oriented, with new symbols introduced for both consonants and vowels. Within the first approach, in a few cases digraphs are used, apparently following the English rendering of the Fur names. These digraphs are nūn-qāf for “ng” /ŋ/ ( ) and nūn-yā’ for ny /ɲ/ ( ). In a more “phonological” strategy, new letters are introduced for the Fur consonants. In this case, the /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are still rendered with the digraphs, but the /nj/ is represented with the digraph which includes a newly-introduced letter with three dots ( ) . The /p/ is rendered with an additional Arabic letter ( )پ which is also common in the Persianate world. The rich inventory of the Fur vowels is reflected in the rendering of /o/ with a circumflex over the wāw and /e/ with a circumflex over the yā’. The Fur tones are not represented by any symbols.